Daniel J. Grace

Daniel J. Grace

The Economy of Exile

Financial Pressure, Civic Religion, and Christian Survival in Pergamum

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Daniel J. Grace
Jul 26, 2026
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Abstract

The Economy of Exile : The description of Pergamum as the place “where Satan’s throne is” in Revelation 2:13 has commonly been interpreted through the city’s imperial cult, its monumental religious landscape, or its association with Roman political authority. These interpretations remain important, but they can obscure the economic dimensions of…

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